What is Osteo Arthritis?

Read about  Osteo Arthritis Disease presented in simple easy to understand language

Laboratory Diagnosis
No specific test required. 

Imaging
X-ray usually shows osteophyte formation, narrowing of joint space between adjacent bones, subchondral sclerosis, and cyst formation in joints. An MRI is only occasionally necessary to rule out other suspected injuries to the knee.

Joint Fluid Analysis is useful in excluding infection, gout and other forms of Arthritis. 

General Management
1. Decreasing the intensity and frequency of activities that cause joint pain. Adjusting the work area that produces less strain. 
2. Regular physical exercise to prevent immobilization, to limit pain and increase joint flexibility. Weight bearing activities such as running or jogging can aggravate Arthritis. 
3. Application of local heat before and cold packs after exercise can help relieve pain and inflammation. 
4. Weight loss in overweight patients is essential. It decreases the level of stress in weight – bearing joints. 
5. Splints and braces can be used to provide extra support for weakened joints and to keep the joints in proper position. 
6. Paraffin wax dips can be used to minimize pain. Warm water soaks and night-time cotton gloves can also help ease hand symptoms. 
7. Patient is advised to reduce weight to decrease the mechanical stress and wear and tear on the weight – bearing joint. It has been found that a loss of five kilograms can eliminate at least fifteen kilograms of stressful impact on the joint. 
8. Hydrotherapy may be given. Acupuncture also provides relief to patients. 
9. Regular follow-up is required to assess the progress of disease, and response of disease to therapy. As the disease is not reversible, management of further deterioration is the only remedy. 

Surgical treatment to replace or repair damaged joints is indicated in severe cases. However, OA responds well to conservative treatment. People with OA can directly influence the course of the disease through physical therapy and a regular programme of moderate stretching and strengthening exercises. A positive mental attitude can also work wonders in helping you maintain a degree of control over the disease. Patients who take care of themselves and work actively with healthcare professionals enjoy a better and independent life. 

Expected Prognosis
It tends to be progressive. Joint effusion and joint enlargement may occur. Osteophytes spur formation, especially at joint margins as the disease progresses. However, if treated effectively in early stages, there is no disablement and most patient complain of few symptoms. Though changes that occur in the bone and joint are irreversible, the overall prognosis for maintenance of function is generally good and a great deal can be done to decrease the symptoms. Marked disability is less commonly found. Read Previous